Insights
Practical guidance for operating a business in Türkiye.
Evidence-led articles on company formation, tax, accounting, payroll and financial management.
33 articles
Tax
Mobile Games and AdMob Income in Türkiye: A Tax Guide for Individuals and Companies (2026)
A practical guide to AdMob income for individual developers and Ltd./JSC companies in Türkiye, covering the special 15% bank withholding regime, corporate tax, VAT and invoicing.
Finance
Technical Insolvency in Türkiye: Capital Loss and Over-Indebtedness under TCC Article 376
A practical guide to Türkiye's capital-loss thresholds, over-indebtedness test, management duties, worked calculations and restructuring options under Article 376 of the Turkish Commercial Code.
Foreign Investment
Working Legally in Türkiye: Work Permits, Exemptions and the Turquoise Card (2026)
A practical guide to permit categories, domestic and overseas applications, employer and shareholder criteria, exemptions, payroll and social-security compliance.
Company Formation
Can a Foreign Founder Set Up a Turkish Company Remotely? Power of Attorney and KYC Guide
What can be completed by proxy, how foreign documents are legalized, and why trade-registry incorporation and bank onboarding should be planned as separate workstreams.
Company Formation
A Foreign Individual as Shareholder of a Turkish Limited Company: Formation, Tax and Compliance
A detailed guide to individual foreign ownership, passports and tax numbers, capital and management choices, work-permit separation, profit distributions and post-incorporation reporting.
Company Formation
When a Foreign Company Owns a Turkish Limited Company: Corporate Documents, UBO and Tax
How a foreign legal entity establishes a Turkish subsidiary: corporate resolutions, legalization, ultimate-ownership evidence, governance, bank KYC, intercompany transactions and FDI reporting.
Foreign Investment
Opening a Liaison Office in Türkiye: Licence, Activity Limits and Annual Compliance
When a non-commercial liaison office is the right structure, the Ministry licence and document file, initial three-year term, overseas funding, payroll and annual reporting.
Banking
Corporate Bank Accounts for Foreign-Owned Turkish Companies: KYC, UBO and Onboarding
A bank-ready approach to corporate documents, ultimate ownership, source of funds, transaction forecasts, attendance requirements and controls after account opening.
Banking
Opening a Personal Bank Account in Türkiye as a Foreigner: Resident and Non-Resident Guide
How tax numbers, passport and address evidence, residence status, source of funds, tax residence and bank-specific policies affect personal account onboarding.
Citizenship by Investment
Turkish Citizenship by Investment in 2026: Routes, Thresholds and Due-Diligence Risks
Compare real estate, deposit, fixed-capital, fund, government-bond, private-pension and employment routes, then follow eligibility, residence and citizenship stages without treating approval as automatic.
Company Formation
Sole Proprietorship or Limited Company in Türkiye? 2026 Guide
Choose a structure by comparing tax, liability, social security, profit withdrawals and growth plans—not incorporation cost alone.
Company Formation
Company Formation Costs in Türkiye: A Practical 2026 Budget
A practical separation of registration charges, share capital and first-year operating costs for sole proprietorships, limited and joint-stock companies in Istanbul.
Company Formation
Can You Run a Business from Home in Türkiye? 2026 Guide
A scenario-based guide to tax registration, rent withholding, expense allocation, inspection, lease, building and municipal considerations for a home office.
Company Formation
Company Formation in Türkiye: 2026 Checklist
Confirm entity type, activity codes, address, ownership, authority, tax setup and the first 90-day operating plan before filing.
E-Commerce
How to Start an E-Commerce Business in Türkiye: 2026 Guide
An e-commerce launch must connect entity setup with ETBİS, consumer rules, invoicing, payments, returns and order-level reconciliation.
Tax
Tax Audit in Türkiye: What Should a Business Do?
A controlled response begins by defining the audit scope, preserving records and reconciling declarations, e-documents, ledgers and bank evidence.
Tax
Who Can Claim a VAT Refund in Türkiye?
A carried-forward VAT balance is not enough: the transaction must create a statutory refund right and the input VAT and evidence chain must support it.
Accounting
e-Invoice and e-Archive Invoice in Türkiye: 2026 Rules
A practical 2026 guide to e-Invoice entry thresholds, e-Archive issue limits and the controls needed before and after migration.
Tax
Withholding and Premium Service Return in Türkiye: Practical Guide
How payroll, tax withholding and social-security data come together in the Muhtasar ve Prim Hizmet Beyannamesi, with a pre-filing reconciliation workflow.
Tax
Provisional Tax in Türkiye: 2026 Rates and Calculation
A practical explanation of provisional tax periods, 2026 rates, taxable-profit adjustments, prior instalments and year-end offsetting.
Accounting
Customer and Supplier Account Reconciliation Guide
A useful reconciliation confirms the balance, identifies the cause of each difference and assigns a clear action before period close.
Finance
Cash-Flow Management: A Practical Guide for Businesses
Profit does not pay tomorrow's obligations unless it converts to cash; a rolling forecast connects collections, payments, tax and funding decisions.
Finance
Business Budgeting: From Assumptions to Accountability
A useful budget connects commercial assumptions to margin, headcount, investment and cash—and assigns each driver to an owner.
Finance
How to Read Financial Statements for Better Decisions
Read the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow together; trends, accounting policies and reconciliations matter more than one isolated ratio.
Finance
Monthly Financial Control Checklist for Businesses
A monthly close should assign each control an owner, deadline and evidence—from bank reconciliation to tax, payroll and management action.
Payroll & Social Security
Social Security Incentives in Türkiye: 2026 Employer Guide
A 2026 guide to the general two/five-point discounts, employee-specific incentives, eligibility controls and the evidence file employers should maintain.
Payroll & Social Security
Severance Pay in Türkiye: 2026 Ceiling and Examples
A practical guide to eligibility, grossed-up wage, service time, the July 2026 ceiling and calculation evidence.
Payroll & Social Security
Total Employee Cost in Türkiye: 2026 Employer Guide
How to calculate gross salary, employer social-security contributions, incentives, benefits and provisions without double-counting payroll deductions.
Foreign Investment
Company Formation in Türkiye: Foreign Investor Guide
Foreign investors can generally establish Turkish companies on equal terms, but documents, banking, beneficial ownership, tax and sector permissions determine the real timetable.
Startup
Startup Accounting in Türkiye: Founder and Investor Guide
Startup finance should keep statutory records, investor reporting and cash runway on one reconciled data foundation.
Fintech
Fintech Accounting in Türkiye: From Business Model to Close
A practical guide to licence boundaries, revenue, customer-money risks, funding, product costs and data-to-ledger reconciliation for fintech companies.
Fintech
Payment-Institution Accounting in Türkiye: Safeguarding and Reconciliation
A 6493-focused guide to customer funds, safeguarding accounts, daily reconciliation, revenue and 2026 CBRT reporting.
Fintech
Virtual POS Reconciliation: A Transaction-Level Guide
Reconcile orders, processors, bank settlements and the ledger while controlling fees, value dates, refunds and chargebacks.
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